THROMBOSIS
It is an abnormal vascular condition in which thrombus develops within a blood vessel of the body.
A thrombus is a blood clot formed within the lumen of a blood vessel which it partially or completely closes.
1. Arterial thrombosis: occurs with the formation of an abnormal blood clot within an artery resulting in narrowing of the lumen.
2. Phlebothrombosis: When a clot develops initially in the veins without inflammation, the process is referred to as phlebothrombosis.
3. Venous thrombosis: can occur in any vein but is more frequent in the veins of the lower extremities.
Causes
1. Stasis of blood;
2. Abnormality of the walls of the veins.
3. Abnormal clotting mechanism
Clinical Manifestations
- Slight swelling around ankle
- Obvious prominence of leg veins in affected legs.
- Calf pain.
- Muscle ache.
Treatment
- Anticoagulants-heparin - administered.
- B-Lumathi
- Thrombolytic therapy - streptokinase and urokinase.
- Monitor partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, Hb and haematocrit frequently.
Surgery: Thrombectomy
Thrombosis of superficial veins produce pain or tenderness, redness and warmth of the involved area. Majority of them undergo spontaneous lysis thus it can be treated with rest, extremity elevation, analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents.
Cerebral Thrombosis: A blood clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck.
Causes: Cerebral arteriosclerosis; slowing of the cerebral circulation.
Clinical Manifestations: Dizziness, mental disturbances or convulsions, transients and loss of speech, hemiplegia or paraesthesia’s in one half of the body lead to severe paralysis by a few hours or days.
Aortic thrombosis: Occlusion of the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries.
Mesenteric thrombosis: One of the large arteries supplying the intestine becomes plugged.
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